CES Research

There has been some discussion on this forum about CES. Until the subject came up recently, I was unfamiliar with the technology.

I've spent some time looking at the research on the subject and I haven't found a whole lot of research out there, though there appears to be quite a bit on Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Anyway, below is what I have found. I went to the FDA site and couldn't find any information on CES, nor could I find any Clinical Trials regarding CES. If anyone has access to other research findings, please feel free to add it to this thread.

Here are the links to what I've found:

"Results of this simulation indicate that, in contrast to previous beliefs, a small fraction of the CES current does reach the thalamic area and may facilitate the release of neurotransmitters." http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freea...rnumber=532128

"It is concluded that CES is as effective as the drug therapies in several trials, with no negative side effects, and deserves further consideration as an additional agent for the treatment of fibromyalgia." http://www.jclinrheum.com/pt/re/jcr/...195628!8091!-1

"The ineffectiveness of CES to reduce withdrawal symptoms and facilitate smoking cessation are similar to results of other clinical studies of CES in drug dependence, although positive effects of CES in animal studies have been reported. " http://www.sciencedirect.com/science...a1d7a8893eabd8

"In one study, behavioral disorders of patients with vascular dementia reacted positively to cranial electrostimulation (CES). In the present study, it was examined whether CES could improve cognition and (affective) behavior in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). Eighteen AD patients, divided into an experimental and a placebo group, were treated for 30 min per day, 5 days a week, for 6 weeks. No improvements in cognition and (affective) behavior were found after CES." http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/en...&dopt=Citation